LED Module

Understanding LED Modules

LED modules are the building blocks of LED displays. Understanding module construction and service requirements helps with maintenance planning and troubleshooting.

Module Construction

**PCB (Printed Circuit Board):** The base layer holding all components:

• LED packages soldered in grid pattern
• Driver ICs controlling LED current
• Data routing traces
• Power distribution

**LED Packages:** The actual light-emitting components:

• SMD (Surface Mount Device) common for indoor
• COB (Chip on Board) for fine pitch
• DIP (Dual In-line Package) for outdoor

**Driver ICs:** Control chips managing:

• Current regulation
• PWM brightness control
• Data refresh
• Gray scale depth

Module Specifications

**Size:** Common module dimensions:

• 160x160mm, 192x192mm, 250x250mm
• Size affects serviceability and pixel count

**Pixel Count:** Number of pixels per module:

• Depends on pixel pitch
• 2.5mm pitch: ~4,096 pixels per 160mm module
• 1.5mm pitch: ~11,377 pixels per 160mm module

**Mounting Method:**

• Screw mount (traditional)
• Magnetic mount (front service)
• Quick-release clips

Service Considerations

**Field Replacement:** Modules are designed for on-site replacement: 1. Identify failed module 2. Remove mounting hardware 3. Disconnect ribbon cable 4. Install replacement module 5. Verify operation

**Batch Matching:** For consistent appearance:

• Use modules from same production batch
• Store spares from original order
• Consider recalibration after replacement

**Handling:**

• Avoid touching LED surface
• ESD precautions recommended
• Store in original packaging

Quality Indicators

**Flatness:** Poor module flatness causes visible seams and uneven brightness.

**LED Quality:** Higher-grade LEDs provide:

• Better color consistency
• Longer lifespan
• More uniform brightness

**Driver IC Quality:** Better ICs enable:

• Higher refresh rates
• Better low-brightness performance
• Lower flicker

Failure Modes

**Dead Pixels:** Individual LEDs that fail (usually dark). Caused by manufacturing defects, ESD damage, or aging.

**Hot Pixels:** LEDs stuck on at full brightness. Often caused by driver IC failure.

**Color Shift:** LEDs drifting in color over time. More common in lower-quality products.

**Line Failures:** Entire row or column dark. Usually indicates data or driver IC issue.